Well, for starters, my nerves were level 500000, and when I'm nervous I babble on with no filter. Eventually the brain rewires itself to keep it straight. The famous musician was born blind due to a rare condition called retinopathy of prematurity. The optic nerves transmit impulses from the nerve-rich membranes lining the retina of the eye to the brain. Popularly known for her role on the Emmy-award winning television series That '70's Show and many box office hits, actress Mila Kunis revealed to Cosmopolitan in 2011 that she was blind in one eye for many years due to chronic iritis. Now 65, the musician has garnered 25 Grammy Awards, as well as a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, and continues to make strides in his career. It is an involuntary, uncontrolled, repetitive eye movement. I can't really see it. This is a list of notable people with multiple sclerosis, a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. Just 10 hours after she first put in a pair of colored contact lenses that shed bought at a souvenir shop, Laura Butler of Parkersburg, W.Va., had "extreme pain in both eyes," she said. Apl.de.ap (real name Allan Pineda Lindo, Jr.) helped found the Black Eyed Peas in 1995. Nystagmus refers to rapid involuntary movements of the eyes that may be: Depending on the cause, these movements may be in both eyes or in just one eye. One sign of cataracts is blurred vision, yellow-tinted colors, and blurred vision. Has nystagmus, a condition which causes a person's eyes to move involuntarily. The famous artist known for his scenic oil paintings had cataracts for many years. Bell says the strabismus is most noticeable when shes tired. Johnny Depp He suffers from short-sightedness and naturally blurry vision and is almost totally blind in his left eye. Older children and adults with a history of infantile nystagmus typically deny oscillopsia but frequently may have signs and symptoms of accommodative dysfunction. Nystagmus can be divided into 2 main types, congenital nystagmus and acquired nystagmus. He became best known for his roles in the films Shy People (1987) and Mississippi Burning (1988). Jerk nystagmus is more common than pendular nystagmus. Apl.de.ap (real name Allan Pineda Lindo, Jr.) helped found the Black Eyed Peas in 1995. He is legally blind in both eyes, but says . Filmed scenes for Down by Law (1986) that were cut. Here are just a few examples of celebrities with vision loss who have persevered and succeeded. Children diagnosed with type 2 diabetes are nearly twice as likely than those with type 1 diabetes to develop diabetic retinopathy within 15 years of their diagnosis, a study finds. All eight of these famous people with visual impairment have achieved remarkable success in their fields. Ended up in a drama class by accident in high school, due to a computer error in registration. As I walked towards it, I thought, "Wow, I'm absolutely going to find out who that is by as it's gorgeous, red and white swirls." Despite their impairments, they continue to inspire us with their performances and dedication. George Clooney tops our list. There are three types of Duane syndrome, with type 1 being the most common: Type 1: Abduction is limited, but adduction is relatively normal. Margaret (Maggie) Woodhouse OBE, Senior Lecturer and Specialist Optometrist, Cardiff University. Sgx Nyc Abracadabra Invisible Styling Oil, Apl.de.ap from The Black Eyed Peas was born with nystagmus, a condition . . Instead, she hired assistants to help her mix her paints and eventually picked up sculpting as a new artform. 3. Murdaugh is heckled as he leaves court, Ken Bruce finishes his 30-year tenure as host of BBC Radio 2, Moment teenager crashes into back of lorry after 100mph police race, Alex Murdaugh unanimously found GUILTY of murder of wife and son, Isabel Oakeshott clashes with Nick Robinson over Hancock texts, Family of a 10-month-old baby filmed vaping open up, Ukrainian soldier takes out five tanks with Javelin missiles. Graves disease is an autoimmune thyroid disease which sometimes causes the eyes to become more prominent and bulge, and in severe forms can even cause loss of vision. But the truth is out! Positional alcohol nystagmus is often mistaken for BPPV nystagmus, particularly in cases in which diagnoses are made, for example, in emergency departments in the middle of weekend nights. From rappers to writers, here are eight celebrities you probably didnt know are visually impaired: 1. Nystagmus is caused by either poor vision or central nerve system abnormalities. These may include: Problems with the eye muscles, such as cross-eye (strabismus) Refractive problems, such as astigmatism, nearsightedness (myopia) or farsightedness (hyperopia) Rapid movement of the eyeballs (nystagmus) Cataracts. He dropped out of school when he was 15, and fronted a series of music-garage bands, including one . To the clinician, these advances translate into greater accuracy of nystagmus as a diagnostic sign. It was beautiful. A cataract is an eye condition that occurs naturally as a result of aging. (See "Jerk nystagmus" and "Pendular nystagmus" .) The news of their birth spread like wild fire in the US. In addition to the successful Pirates of the Caribbean franchise, he starred in Alice in Wonderland, Sleepy Hollow and Edward Scissorhands.. A number of commonly used substancesincluding alcohol, some medications, and nicotinecan cause nystagmus that is not associated with BPPV. The Black Eyed Peas have played around the world, performing hits like Boom Boom Pow and I Gotta Feeling. But rapper Apl.de.ap usually couldnt see the audience. The Gravity actor had Bell's palsy when he was in middle school. In some patients, the nystagmus may become worse in the non-injected eye, if the patient prefers to view As a result, both eyes are unable to steadily . nystagmus fluctuates throughout the day with its intensity. It is often called "Dancing Eyes" due to involuntary movement of the eyes. He had nystagmus and myopia. 'I always knew the world was going on a bit without me. Instruction Courses and Skills Transfer Labs, Program Participant and Faculty Guidelines, LEO Continuing Education Recognition Award, What Practices Are Saying About the Registry, Provider Enrollment, Chain and Ownership System (PECOS), Subspecialty/Specialized Interest Society Directory, Subspecialty/Specialized Interest Society Meetings, Minority Ophthalmology Mentoring Campaign, Global Programs and Resources for National Societies, Las enfermedades crnicas y otras afecciones oftalmolgicas de 10 celebridades, interview that he was taking time off to take care of his health, Bono announced he had glaucoma in 2014 and that he has been dealing with the condition for many years, Academy Award-winning actress Dame Judi Dench revealed, underwent surgery to correct his long-time vision impairment, announced that she has not one, but two chronic eye diseases, award-winning talk show host Larry King underwent surgery, Stevie Wonder, one of the most famous musicians of our time, was born blind, New Treatments for Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Visual Hallucinations Surprisingly Common in Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Mercury Poisoning From Unregulated Beauty Products May Cause Vision Loss, FDA Warns, Genetics and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. It means the eyes have less time to focus on what is in front of them because they quickly slip sideways. The term "dancing eyes" has been used in regional dialect to describe nystagmus. Victoria Fletcher
With the exception of vestibular nystagmus, which is most frequently caused by inner ear semicircular canal dysfunction, nystagmus is likely to result from abnormal development or pathologic malfunction of areas in the brain controlling eye movements and gaze stability or afferent pathway disorders. Being diagnosed with a serious eye condition can be a daunting experience. 0 'I can see the huge benefits it has brought me. 18. Apl.de.ap from The Black Eyed Peas was born with nystagmus, a condition . Brittany Howard. See more ideas about low vision, albinism, vision eye. formal vs informal powers of the president; jon francetic and dr jessica age difference; chipper jones classic rookie card I didn't make movies when I was a kid, but I loved them. Famous People You Didnt Know Were Ophthalmologists. celebrities with nystagmus. The term is from the Latin word "albus" that translates as "white.". It attracts a stalwart three million viewers daily and has won him an army of female admirers who crowned the bespectacled, toothy Osman their top 'Weird Crush' of 2011. It would be refreshing to see actors who reflect my reality a little . This condition affected her in many ways, including her eyes. Osman, 42, is host of Pointless and a 'guru of the TV quiz show'. Having a quiet or less-busy area available to the child for them to play in if they get fatigue, increases independence and coping skills . The lens begins to grow and becomes yellow/brown. Plenty of famous people have suffered from the condition. Vince undoubtedly has the ability to be a major star; he just needs to be given the opportunity. According to a 2018 study published in Applied Network Science, using a wide range of metricsincluding number of films, times appearing as top billing, and length of careerJackson is peerless in the field. "I'm comfortable not using my vision," he told People magazine. Tamucc Career Services, She uses various low vision tools and techniques to help maintain independence, such as a mobile app made for people with AMD to read the news. The bonus, if you live in a rural area without access to public transportation, say goodbye to your job and your independence. Sometimes, it can also occur even if there are no abnormalities of the eyes or brain. Considerations Nystagmus can affect vision, balance, and coordination. And like most sufferers, he cannot drive because his eyes are unable to gauge a busy road fast enough. Summary of key points: Nystagmus is an involuntary, rapid, rhythmic, oscillatory eye movement with at least 1 slow phase. Barr said she had been diagnosed with both glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. By
The best thing I've learned about nystagmus after three years of speaking to hundreds of people and studying the research is that nystagmus does not define someone. 1. She survived retinoblastoma, a type of eye cancer, as a child. ternary operator with multiple conditions in angular. Sometimes nystagmus is called "dancing eyes." The same goes for Michael J. More likely to have auditory involvement. Executive Director; Our Team; Research. Nystagmus, also known as "dancing eye syndrome," is a sudden, constant, and involuntary eye movement. He can spot his daughter from a little further away because he recognises the way she walks and her long black hair. Coarse facial features Increased arm span Tall stature Accelerated skeletal maturation Astigmatism Behavioral abnormality Brain imaging abnormality Chronic otitis media Constipation Dolichocephaly Downslanted palpebral fissures Feeding difficulties Flushing Global developmental delay Hearing impairment Hypotonia Increased head circumference Intellectual disability, mild Joint laxity Long face . She announced in 2012 that she has age-related macular degeneration but intends to keep working. New England Association of Schools and Colleges (opens a new window), Perkins School for the Blind Facebook Page (opens a new window), Perkins School for the Blind Linked In Page (opens a new window), Perkins School for the Blind Twitter Page (opens a new window), Perkins School for the Blind You Tube Page (opens a new window), Perkins School for the Blind Instagram Page (opens a new window), Perkins School for the Blind Pinterest Page (opens a new window), Hayes Research Library & Perkins Archives, iCanConnect / National Deaf-Blind Equipment Distribution Program, diagnosed in 1971 with retinitis pigmentosa, 175 North Beacon Street Watertown, MA 02472, Perkins School for the Blind 2023 All rights reserved. ', Given all that, would he have it cured? Won the 1997 Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Performance by an Actor for his performance as serial killer Clifford Banks on Murder One (1995). 'Wobbly Wednesday' on November 6 aims to raise funds for research and support for sufferers. When Osman tried to look at the camera, the effort he put into trying to move his eyes back to the front led his head to appear as if it was subtly shaking. The reality of what she felt was, of course, hidden from the young Richard. The trademark dark, square glasses he wears simply correct short sightedness but do nothing for the flicker. If any of you attended the Nystagmus Network's open day in Birmingham a few years ago, you may have witnessed my appalling presentation where I rambled on aimlessly about my life, including being able to drive. . Nystagmus is a vision condition in which the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements. . Nystagmus that presents within the first 6 months of life is called infantile/childhood nystagmus, which can be associated with certain eye conditions such as albinism, congenital cataracts and inherited retinal dystrophies. Upon his retirement from CNN, King continues to write and appear on television thanks to his continued good vision. Dench told the Sunday Post, "I just want to go on being mobile, really, and being able to do things. A rare disorder characterised by the association of aplasia cutis congenita with high myopia, congenital nystagmus and cone-rod dysfunction. These seven famous people have battled vision loss and emerged victoriously. homestead high school staff. Incredibly however, those born with nystagmus do not see the world as constantly shaking. Venus Williams The famous tennis player has Sjgren's syndrome, an autoimmune disease that affects the body's moisture-producing glands. I know lots of people feel like that, either because of physical limitations or emotionally. The repetitive movements can make it impossible for someone to keep their eyes fixed and focused on any given object. In a single retrospective, population-based study on children and adolescents, the annual estimated incidence of nystagmus was 6.72 per 100 000 residents <19 years of age. Nystagmus, often called "dancing eyes", is an eye condition which causes uncontrolled, rapid, jerky, movement of the eyes, usually from side to side, but sometimes up and down or in a circular motion. The rapper was born with glaucoma and had one eye surgically removed as a child. Nystagmus may also affect your vision. His eyes were said to roll wildly during a passionate 1860 presidential debate. Slick Rick and Doug E. Fresh helped put rap on the map with their 1985 hit, La Di Da Di. The song, with its idiosyncratic sing-song style and clever lyrics about a would-be Romeo in Gucci underwear, has been sampled almost 800 times by artists like the Beastie Boys, the Notorious B.I.G. Mehak Siddiqui shares her experience living with albinism and a rarely-discussed eye condition, nystagmus. The lead singer of the soul-rock band, Alabama Shakes, is blind in one eye. Nystagmus is an involuntary rhythmic oscillation of the eyeball that nearly always affects both eyes equally. In both these films he played something of a blathering redneck idiot, although there was a streak of pathos in both performances which made it impossible to dismiss his characters as just 'bad' people. A band member of The Black Eyed Peas, Apl.de.ap was legally blind before having artificial lens inserted during eye surgery. Nystagmus And Hx Of Amblyopia Overview Nystagmus And Hx Of AmblyopiaIf you're experiencing vision problems, the first step to finding a solution is seeing a doctor. Up to the left 2. He became best known for his roles in the films Shy People (1987) and Mississippi Burning (1988). Of the more than 45 distinct types of nystagmus, the two most common are congenital (early onset nystagmus) and acquired (developed later in childhood or as an adult). The user-friendliness of the book aids to understand nystagmus, gives useful tips and shines a positive light on living with the condition. Infantile or Congenital Nystagmus Syndrome (INS) INS (a type of nystagmus usually diagnosed during infancy), is sometimes called "early-onset nystagmus". "I'm comfortable not using my vision," he told People magazine. Best Law Firm Facebook Pages, Economic Development Research Organization, Webinar on Impact of Covid-19 on SME in Bangladesh, Sgx Nyc Abracadabra Invisible Styling Oil, palm springs police department online report, liberty mutual field property claims adjuster interview, commercial panini press with removable plates. Osman grew up in Sussex with his mother Brenda, 72, who also has nystagmus, and his older brother Mat, bassist of the rock band Suede, who does not. In both these films he played something of a blathering redneck idiot, although there was a streak of pathos in both performances which made it impossible to dismiss his characters as just 'bad' people. Now Williams always brings eye drops on the court with her to help ease discomfort and improve vision. 'Nystagmus was never brought up in terms of what you can and cannot do,' he says. Im not going to make it something thats going to stop me, she told People magazine. Brittany Howard, lead singer of soul-rock band Alabama Shakes, overcame the eye cancer, retinoblastoma. That was considered a far-fetched dream. COSTO: $70 por persona Nystagmus has two key forms, the pathological and physiological, with variations within . Osman has nystagmus, an eye condition that dramatically reduces his vision. It is a great pleasure to watch him, maybe because his performances often bring to light. The well-known horror writer has age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Prescription for Keeping Children Out of Glasses: Sunshine, Laura's Story: Costume Contacts Scarred My Eye, Children with Type 2 Diabetes at Risk of Eye Disease, Free EyeSmart Resources for Professionals, Steer more patients to your practice website, Promotional materials for eye health observances, Take a narrated tour of EyeSmart to see what's available, International Society of Refractive Surgery, Famous People You Didnt Know Were Ophthalmologists. Told she would be blind by her teens, her parents ensured she was taught to touch type in primary school in preparation for a life with no sight. It has genuinely brought me many, many things, this lack of being able to see what is going on. classification and properties of elementary particles Untreated glaucoma stole musician Ray Charles sight as a child. In an interview with Hawaii Public Radio, Feliciano, who began playing guitar at age nine, says he is grateful for being born with vision, even without his eyesight. In the progressive form of cone dystrophy, vision continues to deteriorate over time. Eventually the cataract grows so much that it causes vision to be blurry and can causes colors to appear less bright. and Kanye West. Osman is separated and has two children, a daughter aged 15 and a son aged 13, who live in Cambridge with their mother. In 2003, Clooney spoke to the Daily Mirror about his Bell's palsy stating, "That was the worst time of my life. In addition to being extremely nearsighted, he also had an eye condition where the eye moves uncontrollably called nystagmus. However, Hazel, Parker Kate, and Riley Paige . Vince first started to get noticed for his excellent performances at the start of his career in Shy People (1987) and Mississippi Burning (1988). Instruction Courses and Skills Transfer Labs, Program Participant and Faculty Guidelines, LEO Continuing Education Recognition Award, What Practices Are Saying About the Registry, Provider Enrollment, Chain and Ownership System (PECOS), Subspecialty/Specialized Interest Society Directory, Subspecialty/Specialized Interest Society Meetings, Minority Ophthalmology Mentoring Campaign, Global Programs and Resources for National Societies, Library of Congress' Gershwin Prize for Popular Song, International Society of Refractive Surgery, 10 Celebrities' Chronic Eye Diseases and Conditions. He also appeared in Jacob's Ladder (1990), Nobody's Fool (1994), Heavy (1995), Beautiful Girls (1996), The Legend of 1900 (1998), Nurse Betty (2000), Identity (2003), Constantine (2005), Gotti (2018), and Bird Box (2018). Many people can register as partially sighted and a small number can . While the charity Nystagmus Network is trying to raise awareness of the condition, a new charity called IN -Vision wants to raise the 100,000 a year needed for key research. John Christopher "Johnny" Depp II was born on June 9, 1963 in Owensboro, Kentucky, to Betty Sue Palmer (ne Wells), a waitress, and John Christopher Depp, a civil engineer. Hip-hop musician Missy Elliott experienced this eye-related symptom, but has seen significant improvement thanks to regular eye exams, medical assistance and a healthy lifestyle, she told People Magazine. nystagmus can be directly attributed to abnormalities of someofthesemovements.Physiologicaloptokineticnystag-mus occurs during self-rotation, but it can be elicited at the bedside using a small drum or tape with alternating black and white lines, although larger displays are more effective It isn't easy, and for those who also suffer from congenital nystagmus, it's nice to finally meet you. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. ', It can also offer him unique comedy moments. 4. She lost vision in her right eye at age eight when her brother accidentally shot her with a BB gun. He was born with nystagmus, which causes involuntary eye movement, and was legally blind in both eyes. She was a Pulitzer Prize finalist and received a National Medal of Honor from President Obama, who said he . Vision is also what you feel inside and thats what makes a great visionary., Diagnosed with dry AMD in one eye and wet AMD in the other, Dench continues her award-winning acting career. The actress had a cataract in one eye caused by iritis, potentially severe inflammation that occurs in the front part of the eye including the iris, the colored part of the eye. 'Most neuroscientists now believe that there is a window of opportunity shortly after birth in which nystagmus could be prevented from starting. Transmission is autosomal dominant. The following year he was Lester Cowens in. The good news: There are many vertigo treatments available to ease the discomfort. Down to the middle 8. Learning . | These movements can cause the eyes to move from side to side, up and down, or in circular motions. It is progressive through adolescence and early adult hood. is lisa gretzky related to wayne . Most people with nystagmus have poor vision. It is typically a horizontal jerk nystagmus and it may be associated with abnormal head movement and decreases in intensity with convergence. Down to the right In order to make it easier to jocularly decide where the least movement can be found, the nystagmus can be increased by . Nastya Zhidkova's unique coloring and striking eyes make her ideal for minimalist and futuristic photographs. 'Preventing nystagmus might be similarly simple. In Lincolns case, his left eye was naturally higher than his right and rolled upward when he was tired or excited. It may consist of alternating phases of a slow drift in one direction with a corrective quick "jerk" in the opposite direction, or of slow, sinusoidal, "pendular" oscillations to and fro. 'It's why I absolutely love TV so much, because of what it can bring to people.'. In many cases vision may deteriorate so that a person is considered "legally" blind (i.e., vision that is 20/200 or worse). In 1987 he made his debut in the role of Detective Deimos in "Angel Heart". Many people with multiple sclerosis experience some form of tremor, or uncontrollable shaking. I am currently 21, and was diagnosed with congenital nystagmus at birth. In the progressive form of cone dystrophy, vision continues to deteriorate over time. Mila Kunis. A band member of The Black Eyed Peas, Apl.de.ap was legally blind before having artificial lens inserted during eye surgery. Pendular nystagmus has only slow phases. They often tilt their heads at She is the third of the quintuplets of her parents. Told by the doctor that she might lose sight in both eyes, she later wrote that she dashed about the world madlystoring up images against the fading of the light. She went on to write The Color Purple, which won the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1983. Congenital nystagmus tends to be divided into two groups, children with abnormal vision and children with normal vision. These eye movements can cause problems with your vision, depth perception, balance and coordination. He loves sport but cannot play ball games. It was only when I first had kids, when I had a daughter 15 years ago, that I remember my mum saying, after all the excitement had died down, Have you noticed anything about her eyes? I said, No. Technically it is possible to treat a patient who has nystagmus as modern laser have very fast tracker systems that can keep up with the movement of the eye. It refers to side-to-side flickering of the eyeballs. This uncontrolled movement can affect how clearly you can see. Elliot's condition improved with therapy and treatment and she continues to lead an active life. Concerns It is pathognomonic of Whipple disease caused by Tropheryma whippelii. Thom Yorke, the singer for the British alt-rock band Radiohead, isnt winking at you. With such a pedigree in TV, it might seem strange that last month Osman sent a tweet saying he was extremely nervous about hosting Have I Got News For You for the first time. This week's People magazine had an interesting article about Apl.de.ap, one of the singers in the hit-making, Grammy-winning group the Black Eyed Peas. Upon his retirement from CNN, King continues to write and appear on television. Apl.de.ap of the Black Eyed Peas was born with a disease called nystagmus. I don't think he'll have . My daughter is 8 and was diagnosed with aniridia and nystagmus at 3 months old 274. How a grandmothers creativity and assistance from Project Pixan led to an accessible bath for Mili, By submitting this form, you agree to our. Nystagmus is a condition of involuntary eye movement, acquired in infancy or later in life, that may result invlimited or reduced vision, and sometimes associated with vertigo. She is an Albino fashion model who was born in Russia on October 28, 1996. . Within a fraction of a second, the battle starts again, over and over. Hi, everyone! This often leads to severe dry eye which can cause eye pain, blurry vision, and even lead to infections. This chapter reviews the approach to the patient with nystagmus or saccadic intrusions and their clinical features (with illustrative video cases), etiology, pathophysiology, and management. I can kind of see, he told Vox Magazine in 1995. Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a congenital disorder characterized by underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the optic nerves. When I am editing a TV programme, there is no point asking me about a certain camera angle or the lighting. In 2012, he had artificial lenses implanted in both eyes to improve his vision. When the show went on air, a die-hard fan noticed Osman shaking slightly at the start and asked if he'd been drunk. I've never met anyone else with this condition, and it's just funny to see a Subreddit dedicated to it. CHARGE syndrome is a disorder that affects many areas of the body. A volunteer for the Guide Dogs charity, her sight issues were first spotted shortly after her birth, when she was diagnosed with nystagmus, or involuntary eye movement, and severe short sightedness. Type 2: Adduction is limited, but abduction is relatively normal. Slick Rick (real name Richard Walters), was born in the United Kingdom and was blinded in his right eye by broken glass as an infant. What viewers were actually witnessing was a neurological battle. Zhidkova was represented by Lilas Model Management. He serves as a great example of how many people with glaucoma can keep their sight and still lead very active lives with treatment. Larry King 2. This can be in a side to side, an up and down, or a circular motion, or a combination of these. The result is eyes that relentlessly move to and fro, or up and down and, in rare cases, round and round. In children with impaired or abnormal vision, the eyes are unable to send back to the brain a clear message of what they are seeing. He says he cannot recognise faces of friends just across the street and walks past oblivious. Nystagmus is a vision problem in which the eyes make uncoordinated and uncontrolled movements. In many cases it may result in reduced or limited vision.. Complications of nystagmus include the following: Decreased vision. Many people with nystagmus hold their . Related. 2. Here's a list of ten celebrities who have dealt with chronic eye diseases and conditions. During her younger years, the actress and model had thinner lips. Lead singer of the band U2, Bono announced he had glaucoma in 2014 and that he has been dealing with the condition for many years. Their infectious mix of pop and rap made them one of the worlds best-selling bands, with multiple #1 hits in dozens of countries. People with the condition might also hold their heads at unusual angles, or lean, to compensate for their lack of clear vision. Up to the middle 3. After graduating, he immediately moved into researching and then writing for TV. Despite the disease, Wonder has persevered. 1. The brain needs feedback or stimulation from the eyesthrough visionto learn to keep . Oliver Tripp (oliertripp@hotmail.com), Other Works